MOUTH PROTECTION IN SPORT IN SCOTLAND — A REVIEW

From

website

Autor:

C Holmes 

(Centre for Dental Education, University of Edinburgh, Postgraduate Dental Institute, Level 4 Lauriston Building, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EN3 9YW)

In brief

Although mouthguards are compulsory in some sports and are often worn by rugby and hockey players, people participating in sport are not generally aware of the need for mouth protection.

Custom made mouthguards offer better protection than the 'boil to bite' type but many people do not have them because they are expensive and necessitate a visit to the dentist.

The oral health strategy for Scotland recommends that dentists promote the use of mouth protection in sport but there is no NHS fee for making a mouthguard and so children and exempt groups have to pay a private fee. This does not encourage the use of mouthguards.

Any oral health promotion project to promote the use of mouth protection should be targeted at governing bodies, coaches and schools as well as players but should also include funding for custom made mouthguards to be provided under the NHS. This might also encourage dentists to provide mouthguards for patients who participate in any sport.

Clubs should be encouraged to appoint an honorary dentist whose job would be to ensure that all members have adequate and suitable mouth protection for their level of play.

GO TO COMPLETE ARTICLE>CLICK HERE

PHYSICAL RECOVERY IN SPORT PERFORMANCE WITH MANDIBULAR STRETCHING

Daniele Tonlorenzi – Luca Martinelli

PHYSICAL RECOVERY IN SPORT PERFORMANCE WITH  

MANDIBULAR STRETCHING

(summary information)

Publication nr. 50 – 07th August 2014

19.02.2016 BIOGRAPHY UPDATE

1.FOREWORD

During a race or workout the athlete is subdued to a psycho-physical stress, which  encreases

-                     Heartbeat pulsation;

-                     Blood pressure;

-                     Muscle tone;

-                     Mental effort.

Only at the end of performance (race or workout) the heart and pressure parameters bring back to pre-stress values; this is possible thanks to recovery.

When the recovery is not optimal, the fatigue remains; the athlete feels an agility and reflex reduction, could have muscle contractures with possible muscle-tendon complications (Ex. Pubalgie) and/or osseous complications (Ex. Microfratture), performance capacity reduction as well.

In those conditions the subject exposes himself to a high risk of sport accident.

2 TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCES

In order to enhance the performances, every sport has got its own training method, its own lenght of time, places. Surely all the sports have in common one thing: the need for relaxation to obtain the best refreshment.

To encrease the performance, therefore, a path to take with the confidence to have good results is surely to obtain a heartbeat pulsation, blood pressure, muscle tone and mental effort recovery as much as possible.

Studies and tests have dimonstrated that the mandibular stretching activity, never used up to now in sport, takes advantages as actual as unexpected.

If with our mind we recollect many sport images, we could immediately remember how the athlets, in the maximum of their performance, grit their teeth: they close them in a spasmodic way.

This is not only a personal attitude: gritting the teeth for one minute permits the body to reinforce the stress mechanisms and to encrease the medium arteria blood pressure of  5,5 mm hg. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277577).

This fact gives the athlet to express at his best the sport performance.

The open mouth pleasant yawn image is likewise clear and as much as the tightened mouth is associated to the stress, the open mouth which yawns is associated to relax concept.

This study has been presented into the sperimental thesis work of COPPI, ERIKA Study of trigeminal-cardiac reflex in the arteria blood pressure and hearthbeat pulsation control (http://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-04072010-114646/)

This has been done with sperimental prototype of medical device called Spring device and has been published (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479456)

Watching this image is perceived that the mandibular stretching is an action mechanism that can already found in nature without either realizing.

3 THE INSTRUMENTS TO ENCREASE THE PERFORMANCES

For the mandibular stretching studies and tests has been used the ”Spring Device” (Image 1 and 2), a device that permits to do a mandibular extention in association with masticatory movements, in practice a mandibular stretching activity. Tests have demonstrated that the use of this device, otherwise the mandibulary stretching activity, permits a heartbeat pulsation and blood pressure decrease (in the human being) and that it ecreases the quantity of blood that flows into the brain (in the vertebrate). It is afterwards conceivable that this activiy can even favour the mental recovery work, which is fundamentally important in the sport performance.

                                  Foto 1                                                                        Foto 2            

                       Medical device “Spring Device”                            The “Spring Device” into the tester mouth

4 CONCLUSIONS

Latest studies have proved that the use of dinamic mandibular stretching permits the body the quickly recovery of the physiological parameters that the athlet has got before performance.

The use of medical device “Spring Device” permits to do the mandibular stretching and so permits the athlets to recovery quickly.

The “Spring Device” acts through totally natural mechanisms, therefore it is not considered sport doping in any way. 

5 MANDIBULAR STRETCHING BIBLIOGRAPHY

1

Journal of the American Dental Association 1978 Jul;97(1):54-7.

Preliminary study of changes in blood pressure associated with clenching in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

Burch JG, Abbey LM.

2

Archivies Italiennes the Biologie 2012 Dec;150(4):231-7. doi: 10.4449/aib.v150i4.1420.

Prolonged hypotensive and bradycardic effects of passive mandibular extension: evidence in normal volunteers.

Brunelli M, Coppi E, Tonlorenzi D, Del Seppia C, Lapi D, Colantuoni A, Scuri R, Ghione S.

3

COPPI, ERIKA Studio del riflesso trigemino-cardiaco nel controllo della pressione arteriosa e della frequenza cardiaca Tesi di Laurea Specialistica - Universita’ di Pisa – URN etd-04072010-114646 – 2010 AA 2008/2009

4

Se l’atleta è più rilassato migliorano le performance? Si può rispondere misurando? – Tonlorenzi  D, D’angelo M, Ravera F, Traina G, Brunelli M - http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/ oppure http://www.slideshare.net/DanieleTonlorenzi/sport-35154369?ref=http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/

5

Analisi delle modificazioni prestazionali indotte dall’uso dello Spring Device su ciclisti di alto livello. Un esperimento – Ravera F

http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/ oppure http://www.slideshare.net/DanieleTonlorenzi/sport-35154369?ref=http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/

6

Archivies Italiennes the Biologie  2013 Mar;151(1):11-23. doi: 10.4449/aib.v151i1.1470.

Persistent effects after trigeminal nerve proprioceptive stimulation by mandibular extension on rat blood pressure, heart rate and pial microcirculation.

Lapi D, Colantuoni A, Del Seppia C, Ghione S, Tonlorenzi D, Brunelli M, Scuri R.

7

MARIO D’ANGELO Influenza dello stretching mandibolare in atleti sottoposti ad allenamento
ad alta intensita’ Tesi di Laurea Specialistica – Università degli studi di Perugia AA 2012/2013

8

MASSIMO CONTI Effetti dell’attivazione propriocettiva del nervo trigemino
sul microcircolo piale del ratto Tesi di Laurea – Università degli studi di Pisa AA 2009/2010.

9

Convegno nazionale Montecatini Terme - Italy - 4-5 Ottobre 2013 - (6 Crediti Formativi ECM)

EVIDENZE SCIENTIFICHE SULLA STIMOLAZIONE TRIGEMINALE
CORRELAZIONI CON LA CLINICA ODONTOIATRICA, LO SPORT E IL BENESSERE

-Prof. M. BRUNELLI Fisiologia del sistema trigeminale: Vie trigeminali (propriocettiva e via esterocettiva) Controllo della postura mandibolare. Memoria e apparato stomatognatico concetti pratici;

-Prof. U. BONUCCELLI  Il dolore facciale “tipico e atipico”;

-Prof. U. COVANI  Anatomia dell’articolazione temporomandibolare;

-Prof. M. D’ATTILIO Malocclusione disordine temporomandibolare. Linee guida, diagnosi, management;

-Sig. S. ZANFRINI Misuriamo ciò che facciamo in odontoiatria;

-Dott. D. TONLORENZI La dimensione verticale e la gestione dello stress;

-Dott. S. GHIONE Effetti dello stretching mandibolare nel controllo dei parametri cardiaci nell’uomo;

-Dott.ssa R. SCURI Effetti della stimolazione propriocettiva del nervo trigemino attraverso estensione mandibolare sul microcircolo piale del ratto;

-Dott. D. TONLORENZI Il riflesso trigeminocardiaco: un grave pericolo o un prezioso alleato per il dentista?;

-Dott. D. TONLORENZI Come “costruire” un bite in allungamento muscolare;

-Prof. G. GALANTI Ruolo del controllo nervoso autonomo nell’attività sportiva;

-Prof. M. BRUNELLI Fisiologia della postura e del movimento;

-Prof. U. BONUCCELLI Patologia del movimento;

-S. ZANFRINI Sistemi di misurazione posturale;

-Prof. M. MARELLA Ruolo del movimento nella prevenzione vascolare.

10

XXVII Congresso nazionale Società italiana dell’ipertensione arteriosa – Lega italiana cpontro l’ipertensione arteriosa – Roma – 30 Settembre – 3 Ottobre 2010 – Atti, pp. 122 – 122. Giornale della Società Italiana dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa, 2010.

Effetto ipotensivo e bradicardizzante prolungato dello stiramento mandibolare: evidenza nel soggetto volontario.

S. Ghione, C. Del Seppia, E. Coppo, D. Tonlorenzi, M. Brunelli, R. Scuri (Pisa).

11

PlosOne Published: December 31, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115767

Trigeminocardiac Reflex by Mandibular Extension on Rat Pial Microcirculation: Role of Nitric Oxide

Dominga Lapi, Giuseppe Federighi, M. Paola Fantozzi, Cristina del Seppia, Sergio Ghione, Antonio Colantuoni, Rossana Scuri.

RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

12

Scand J Med Sci Sports 1998; 8: 65-67.

Passive properties of human skeletal muscle during stretch maneuvers. A review.

Magnusson SP.

13

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994,75:976-981.

Stretching exercises: effect on passive extensibility and stiffness in short hamstrings of healthy subjects (see comments).

Halbertsma JP, Goeken LN.

14

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984; 65: 452-456.

Myofascial pain: relief by post-isometric relaxation.

Lewit K, Simons DG.

15

Physical Therapy March 2010 vol. 90 no. 3 438-44.

Increasing Muscle Extensibility: A Matter of Increasing Length or Modifying Sensation?

C. Holzman Weppler, S. P. Magnusson

16

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1996 Dec;6(6):323-8.

Viscoelastic stress relaxation during static stretch in human skeletal muscle in the absence of EMG activity;

Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Dyhre-Poulsen P, Aagaard P, Mohr T, Kjaer M.

17

J Dent Res. 2010 Nov;89(11):1259-63. doi: 10.1177/0022034510378424. Epub 2010 Aug 25.

Randomized clinical trial of treatment for TMJ disc displacement.

Haketa T, Kino K, Sugisaki M, Takaoka M, Ohta T.

18

J Oral Rehabil. 2009 Jan;36(1):71-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01887.x. Epub 2008 Oct 22.

Orthodontic treatment and management of limited mouth opening and oral lesions in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain: case report.

Paduano S, Iodice G, Farella M, Silva R, Michelotti A.

GAZZETTA SUMMER CAMP

Gazzetta Summer Camp e Sports Promotion hanno realizzato un video ringraziamento a tutti i partecipanti, allo staff, alle famiglie e ai partners.
Gazzetta Summer Camp together with Sports Promotion made a thanksgiving video to all the participants, to the staff, families and partners.

Nel terzo turno del Summer camp sono stati presenti Tecnici di Posturometria dell'Associazione Nazionale Tecnici di Postruometria.
During the third week there were also Posturometry technicians from National Association Posturometry Technicians.

See the video> Click Here

50 - PHYSICAL RECOVERY IN SPORT PERFORMANCE WITH MANDIBULAR STRETCHING (summary information)

Daniele Tonlorenzi – Luca Martinelli

PHYSICAL RECOVERY IN SPORT PERFORMANCE WITH  

MANDIBULAR STRETCHING

(summary information)

Publication nr. 50 – 07th August 2014

19.02.2016 BIOGRAFY UPDATE

1.FOREWORD

During a race or workout the athlete is subdued to a psycho-physical stress, which  encreases

-                     Heartbeat pulsation;

-                     Blood pressure;

-                     Muscle tone;

-                     Mental effort.

Only at the end of performance (race or workout) the heart and pressure parameters bring back to pre-stress values; this is possible thanks to recovery.

When the recovery is not optimal, the fatigue remains; the athlete feels an agility and reflex reduction, could have muscle contractures with possible muscle-tendon complications (Ex. Pubalgie) and/or osseous complications (Ex. Microfratture), performance capacity reduction as well.

In those conditions the subject exposes himself to a high risk of sport accident.

2 TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCES

In order to enhance the performances, every sport has got its own training method, its own lenght of time, places. Surely all the sports have in common one thing: the need for relaxation to obtain the best refreshment.

To encrease the performance, therefore, a path to take with the confidence to have good results is surely to obtain a heartbeat pulsation, blood pressure, muscle tone and mental effort recovery as much as possible.

Studies and tests have dimonstrated that the mandibular stretching activity, never used up to now in sport, takes advantages as actual as unexpected.

If with our mind we recollect many sport images, we could immediately remember how the athlets, in the maximum of their performance, grit their teeth: they close them in a spasmodic way.

This is not only a personal attitude: gritting the teeth for one minute permits the body to reinforce the stress mechanisms and to encrease the medium arteria blood pressure of  5,5 mm hg. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277577).

This fact gives the athlet to express at his best the sport performance.

The open mouth pleasant yawn image is likewise clear and as much as the tightened mouth is associated to the stress, the open mouth which yawns is associated to relax concept.

This study has been presented into the sperimental thesis work of COPPI, ERIKA Study of trigeminal-cardiac reflex in the arteria blood pressure and hearthbeat pulsation control (http://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-04072010-114646/)

This has been done with sperimental prototype of medical device called Spring device and has been published (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479456)

Watching this image is perceived that the mandibular stretching is an action mechanism that can already found in nature without either realizing.

3 THE INSTRUMENTS TO ENCREASE THE PERFORMANCES

For the mandibular stretching studies and tests has been used the ”Spring Device” (Image 1 and 2), a device that permits to do a mandibular extention in association with masticatory movements, in practice a mandibular stretching activity. Tests have demonstrated that the use of this device, otherwise the mandibulary stretching activity, permits a heartbeat pulsation and blood pressure decrease (in the human being) and that it ecreases the quantity of blood that flows into the brain (in the vertebrate). It is afterwards conceivable that this activiy can even favour the mental recovery work, which is fundamentally important in the sport performance.

                                  Foto 1                                                                        Foto 2            

                       Medical device “Spring Device”                            The “Spring Device” into the tester mouth

4 CONCLUSIONS

Latest studies have proved that the use of dinamic mandibular stretching permits the body the quickly recovery of the physiological parameters that the athlet has got before performance.

The use of medical device “Spring Device” permits to do the mandibular stretching and so permits the athlets to recovery quickly.

The “Spring Device” acts through totally natural mechanisms, therefore it is not considered sport doping in any way. 

5 MANDIBULAR STRETCHING BIBLIOGRAPHY

1

Journal of the American Dental Association 1978 Jul;97(1):54-7.

Preliminary study of changes in blood pressure associated with clenching in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

Burch JG, Abbey LM.

2

Archivies Italiennes the Biologie 2012 Dec;150(4):231-7. doi: 10.4449/aib.v150i4.1420.

Prolonged hypotensive and bradycardic effects of passive mandibular extension: evidence in normal volunteers.

Brunelli M, Coppi E, Tonlorenzi D, Del Seppia C, Lapi D, Colantuoni A, Scuri R, Ghione S.

3

COPPI, ERIKA Studio del riflesso trigemino-cardiaco nel controllo della pressione arteriosa e della frequenza cardiaca Tesi di Laurea Specialistica - Universita’ di Pisa – URN etd-04072010-114646 – 2010 AA 2008/2009

4

Se l’atleta è più rilassato migliorano le performance? Si può rispondere misurando? – Tonlorenzi  D, D’angelo M, Ravera F, Traina G, Brunelli M - http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/ oppure http://www.slideshare.net/DanieleTonlorenzi/sport-35154369?ref=http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/

5

Analisi delle modificazioni prestazionali indotte dall’uso dello Spring Device su ciclisti di alto livello. Un esperimento – Ravera F

http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/ oppure http://www.slideshare.net/DanieleTonlorenzi/sport-35154369?ref=http://www.danieletonlorenzi.it/category/sport/

6

Archivies Italiennes the Biologie  2013 Mar;151(1):11-23. doi: 10.4449/aib.v151i1.1470.

Persistent effects after trigeminal nerve proprioceptive stimulation by mandibular extension on rat blood pressure, heart rate and pial microcirculation.

Lapi D, Colantuoni A, Del Seppia C, Ghione S, Tonlorenzi D, Brunelli M, Scuri R.

7

MARIO D’ANGELO Influenza dello stretching mandibolare in atleti sottoposti ad allenamento
ad alta intensita’ Tesi di Laurea Specialistica – Università degli studi di Perugia AA 2012/2013

8

MASSIMO CONTI Effetti dell’attivazione propriocettiva del nervo trigemino
sul microcircolo piale del ratto Tesi di Laurea – Università degli studi di Pisa AA 2009/2010.

9

Convegno nazionale Montecatini Terme - Italy - 4-5 Ottobre 2013 - (6 Crediti Formativi ECM)

EVIDENZE SCIENTIFICHE SULLA STIMOLAZIONE TRIGEMINALE
CORRELAZIONI CON LA CLINICA ODONTOIATRICA, LO SPORT E IL BENESSERE

-Prof. M. BRUNELLI Fisiologia del sistema trigeminale: Vie trigeminali (propriocettiva e via esterocettiva) Controllo della postura mandibolare. Memoria e apparato stomatognatico concetti pratici;

-Prof. U. BONUCCELLI  Il dolore facciale “tipico e atipico”;

-Prof. U. COVANI  Anatomia dell’articolazione temporomandibolare;

-Prof. M. D’ATTILIO Malocclusione disordine temporomandibolare. Linee guida, diagnosi, management;

-Sig. S. ZANFRINI Misuriamo ciò che facciamo in odontoiatria;

-Dott. D. TONLORENZI La dimensione verticale e la gestione dello stress;

-Dott. S. GHIONE Effetti dello stretching mandibolare nel controllo dei parametri cardiaci nell’uomo;

-Dott.ssa R. SCURI Effetti della stimolazione propriocettiva del nervo trigemino attraverso estensione mandibolare sul microcircolo piale del ratto;

-Dott. D. TONLORENZI Il riflesso trigeminocardiaco: un grave pericolo o un prezioso alleato per il dentista?;

-Dott. D. TONLORENZI Come “costruire” un bite in allungamento muscolare;

-Prof. G. GALANTI Ruolo del controllo nervoso autonomo nell’attività sportiva;

-Prof. M. BRUNELLI Fisiologia della postura e del movimento;

-Prof. U. BONUCCELLI Patologia del movimento;

-S. ZANFRINI Sistemi di misurazione posturale;

-Prof. M. MARELLA Ruolo del movimento nella prevenzione vascolare.

10

XXVII Congresso nazionale Società italiana dell’ipertensione arteriosa – Lega italiana cpontro l’ipertensione arteriosa – Roma – 30 Settembre – 3 Ottobre 2010 – Atti, pp. 122 – 122. Giornale della Società Italiana dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa, 2010.

Effetto ipotensivo e bradicardizzante prolungato dello stiramento mandibolare: evidenza nel soggetto volontario.

S. Ghione, C. Del Seppia, E. Coppo, D. Tonlorenzi, M. Brunelli, R. Scuri (Pisa).

11

PlosOne Published: December 31, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115767

Trigeminocardiac Reflex by Mandibular Extension on Rat Pial Microcirculation: Role of Nitric Oxide

Dominga Lapi, Giuseppe Federighi, M. Paola Fantozzi, Cristina del Seppia, Sergio Ghione, Antonio Colantuoni, Rossana Scuri.

RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

12

Scand J Med Sci Sports 1998; 8: 65-67.

Passive properties of human skeletal muscle during stretch maneuvers. A review.

Magnusson SP.

13

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994,75:976-981.

Stretching exercises: effect on passive extensibility and stiffness in short hamstrings of healthy subjects (see comments).

Halbertsma JP, Goeken LN.

14

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984; 65: 452-456.

Myofascial pain: relief by post-isometric relaxation.

Lewit K, Simons DG.

15

Physical Therapy March 2010 vol. 90 no. 3 438-44.

Increasing Muscle Extensibility: A Matter of Increasing Length or Modifying Sensation?

C. Holzman Weppler, S. P. Magnusson

16

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1996 Dec;6(6):323-8.

Viscoelastic stress relaxation during static stretch in human skeletal muscle in the absence of EMG activity;

Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Dyhre-Poulsen P, Aagaard P, Mohr T, Kjaer M.

17

J Dent Res. 2010 Nov;89(11):1259-63. doi: 10.1177/0022034510378424. Epub 2010 Aug 25.

Randomized clinical trial of treatment for TMJ disc displacement.

Haketa T, Kino K, Sugisaki M, Takaoka M, Ohta T.

18

J Oral Rehabil. 2009 Jan;36(1):71-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01887.x. Epub 2008 Oct 22.

Orthodontic treatment and management of limited mouth opening and oral lesions in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain: case report.

Paduano S, Iodice G, Farella M, Silva R, Michelotti A.